Ablaut Series

Ablaut series:

I ei > ai > i > i
Ib ei > ai > ai' > ai'
II iu > au > u > u
IIb u > au > u > u
III i > a > u > u
IIIb ai' > a > au' > au'
IV i > a > e > u
IVb ai' > a > e > au'
V i > a > e > i
Vb ai' > a > e > ai'
VI a > o > o > a
VIIa reduplication only
VIIb e/ai > o > o > e/ai


final b > f
final d > þ
b + preterite 2nd person -t > f (giban > gaft)
d + preterite 2nd person -t > s (biudan > baust)
t + preterite 2nd person -t > s (bigitan > bigast)
þ + preterite 2nd person -t > s (qiþan > qast)

Type Ia:
steigan - stigans - steigands

imperative:
steigam
steig steigats steigiþ
steigadau steigandau

present indicative:
steiga steigos steigam
steigis steigats steigiþ
steigiþ steigand

passive present indicative:
steigada steiganda
steigaza
steigada

preterite indicative:
staig stigu stigum
staigt stiguts stiguþ
staig stigun

present subjunctive:
steigau steigaiwa steigaima
steigais steigaits steigaiþ
steigai steigaina

preterite subjunctive:
stigjau stigeiwa stigeima
stigeis stigeits stigeiþ
stigi stigeina

present passive subjunctive:
steigaidau steigaindau
steigaizau
steigaidau